American Colonies

Colony	Region	Founder	Purpose	Note
Roanoke	Southern	Sir Walter Raleigh	Establish English colony in New World	Colonists disappeared without a trace.
Virginia	Southern	John Smith	Trade and profits	Founded as joint-stock company. House of Burgesses (1619). Only 60 of 1st 900 colonists survived.
Plymouth	New England	William Bradford	Religious freedom for Separatists	Mayflower Compact. Led by William Bradford
New York	Middle	Peter Minuit	Trade and profits	Set up as Dutch colony, taken over by English in 1664
Massachusetts Bay	New England	John Winthrop	Religious freedom for Puritans	Led by John Winthrop. 18,000 settlers by 1642
New Hampshire	New England	John Mason	Escape for those constricted by religious and economic rules	Puritan harshness led these settlers north and inland.
Maryland	Middle	George Calvert	Religious freedom for Catholics	Founded by George Calvert. Slow growing (only 600 by 1650. Maryland Toleration Act (1649)
Connecticut	New England	Thomas Hooker	Religious and economic freedom	Leaders of Massachusetts asked Hooker and followers to leave.
Rhode Island	New England	Roger Williams	Religious freedom	Williams set up most tolerant colony
Delaware	Middle	Peter Minuit	Trade and profits	Established by Sweden; taken by English in 1664
North Carolina	Southern	Group of proprietors	Trade and profits	Joint business venture
New Jersey	Middle	Lord Berkeley	Trade and profits	Established by Sweden; taken by English in 1664
South Carolina	Southern	Group of proprietors	Trade and profits	Rice major crop.
Pennsylvania	Middle	William Penn	Religious freedom for Quakers; trade and profits	Originally Quaker, this colony became home to many European immigrants
Georgia	Southern	James Oglethorpe	Debtor colony. Buffer for Spanish colonies Restrictions on blacks,size of plantations kept colony small.